The following are some of my thoughts and convictions regarding gender-based hierarchy and scripture. I know there are other relevant scriptures, so you should probably write blogs about them.
(Note: lots of people whom I love very dearly are practicing complementarians. They rock at loving each other and laying down their lives for one another. I am blessed to know them.)
ENGAGE!
I am intimately familiar with intentional patriarchy and know many who comport their lives with that system. I have been to their conventions, listened to their teachings, and was even given a small book of poetry fashioned for patriarchs (yes, it is odd).
After twenty-six years of life and four years of marriage, I have solidly come to believe that patriarchy is neither appropriate nor beneficial for human relationships, particularly in the body of Christ.
Usually, in the course of a discussion on this topic, Ephesians 5 comes to the fore. It is not the only relevant scripture in this conversation, but I would call it
central.
For me, beginning to understand what is going on here starts in verse nineteen:
"be filled with the Spirit, speaking to one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody with your heart to the Lord; always giving thanks for all things in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ to God, even the Father; and be subject to one another in the fear of Christ."
Be subject to one another.
Living in a modern democracy, the significance of this idea is still powerful. But in the Greco-Roman world, it was staggering; especially given that in the following verses we see that Paul was writing with wives/husbands, children/fathers, slaves/masters all in mind. In Greek, Roman, and even Jewish culture, the hierarchy in these relationships was absolute. One side of these relationships had standing and power in society (husbands, fathers, masters) and the other did not (wives, children, slaves).
Yet, in the previous four chapters, Paul has been addressing all of them as one. One body.
Paul has made the case that all of them have been:
- blessed with every spiritual blessing in Christ
- adopted into God's family
- shown the mystery of God's will
- given a glorious inheritance
- seated with Christ in heavenly places
- given equal access by the same Spirit to the Father
- made the dwelling place (temple) of God
- given the gifts of Christ (without distinction made regarding gender): i.e. apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors, teachers
- sealed with the Holy Spirit
And that's just the beginning.
And here's the crazy part- all of this was given to them entirely by the overflowing love of the Father through Jesus Christ. It had nothing to do with their personal merits, societal standing, or gender.
It was exclusively by faith in God.
I take pains with providing this context because everything that follows in Ephesians 5 is in light of this understanding. Their identity, their inheritance, their role - all of these things came from what Christ did for them and who He was in them; not from anything else.
I strongly believe that Paul was not trying to use this passage to teach the men of Ephesus to be heads, or teach the women of Ephesus to consider that their husbands were their heads.
Why?
Because that would have been a ridiculously redundant concept for him to teach the people of Ephesus. Men were already the "heads" of their wives in the heavily Greco-Roman culture in Ephesus. Patriarchy was a "no-duh" in Greek, Roman, and Jewish culture, along with slavery.
"Headship" was not a teaching in this passage, anymore than slavery was a teaching. Rather, Paul was speaking into the existing cultural understanding and redefining how wives/husbands, children/fathers, slaves/masters (notice - all hierarchies) should treat one another, given that they had become one in Christ, co-heirs with Christ, and seated in heavenly places with Christ.
"Wives, be subject to your own husbands, as to the Lord. For the husband is the head of the wife"
"Slaves, be obedient to those who are your masters according to the flesh, with fear and trembling, in the sincerity of your heart, as to Christ; not by way of eyeservice, as men-pleasers, but as slaves of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart."
Paul is describing total submission.
But do we argue that Paul's intent in this teaching to slaves was to uphold the institution of slavery as God's design?
Certainly not.
Do we argue that Paul's intent in this teaching to wives was to uphold male-oriented hierarchy as God's design?
Some do.
But I do not believe the argument can be convincingly made from this passage.
Both slaves and wives are told to relate to their masters and husbands in the same way that they relate to Christ, as an outflow of their relationship with Christ.
And look at how it speaks to husbands and masters:
"Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ also loved the church and gave Himself up for her"
"And masters, do the same things to them [that the slaves are to do for their masters], and give up threatening, knowing that both their Master and yours is in heaven, and there is no partiality with Him."
This passage holds earth-shattering implications for all of us.
With his exhortation to husbands, Paul was not upholding headship as understood by the Ephesians (or the Jewish community); he was completely turning headship on its head.*
Jesus gave himself up for us in an insane way. He made Himself nothing. He gave up everything for our sake. He submitted His life so completely that the Son of God allowed Himself to be killed by us.
How's that for a bar regarding husbands submitting to their wives?
And masters? Living with fear, trembling, and sincerity of heart toward their slaves?
I have no doubt that these concepts were absolutely antithetical to the Ephesian's understanding of wife/husband, master/slave relationships. But Paul wasn't teaching headship, anymore than he was teaching slavery. He was using them to illustrate how the body of Christ ought to live toward one another in light of how Jesus lived toward them:
"that He might sanctify her, having cleansed her by the washing of water with the word, that He might present to Himself the church in all her glory, having no spot or wrinkle or any such thing; but that she would be holy and blameless. So husbands ought also to love their own wives as their own bodies. He who loves his own wife loves himself; for no one ever hated his own flesh, but nourishes and cherishes it, just as Christ also does the church, because we are members of His body. For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and shall be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh. This mystery is great; but I am speaking with reference to Christ and the church"
Paul's main point, in all of this, was how Christ relates to all of them.
In Galatians 3:28, Paul took this concept even further when he said that in Christ, there is no distinction between male and female, let alone Jew/Gentile, master/slave. What Christ has done in each is their true identity and defines their role- be it to teach, pastor, evangelize, prophesy, or apostle... ize. According to the work of Christ in them, by whom we are all heirs to the same promise.
And after all of this there remains, in my thinking, still an even more significant argument that disagrees with the complementarian concept of male-female union:
Jesus Christ is our head.
We are all his body.
And this body is not a hydra body.
I thank God that Jesus is Aberlyn's head in the same way that He is mine.
And this is such good news, because He's perfect.
Complementarian headship seems to imply that a special dispensation of authority has been given to me on the basis of my genitalia. That somehow, in my marriage, I am a picture of Christ, and Aberlyn is a picture of the Holy Spirit.
... even though the only concept I consistently find in scripture is that we are both one with Christ by the same Spirit. Not to mention that I cannot find any biblical reference that at all implies that women are representative of the Holy Spirit in male/female relationships. Seriously, where did that come from?
There is one Lord. One Faith. One Baptism. One God and Father of all, who is over all and in all and through us all.
One body, with one head, all walking in the same Spirit.
Bearing the same fruit; that is, not manly fruit or womanly fruit, but the fruit of the Spirit.
And this entire "body" metaphor is a metaphor of unity. Of oneness. Where our role and identity have one basis:
Christ in you, the hope of glory.
*(I wrote this entire blog just for that sentence)